St. Peter's Dome

Largest Dome in the World & Michelangelo's Last Masterpiece

The cupola of St. Peter's Basilica was designed by Michelangelo to crown the basilica and mark the place of St. Peter's tomb beneath the Baldacchino and Papal Altar. It was completed in 1590, 26 years after Michelangelo's death in 1564. Michelangelo's credits the Pantheon as his work of inspiration for building the dome. It is also possible today to climb stairs inside the dome to go to the very top of the cupola. 

The dome rises to a height of 136 meters (447 feet), making it the tallest dome in the world. It's began in the 16th century as part of the basilica’s grand rebuilding, replacing the original Old St. Peter’s Basilica. Michelangelo took over the project in 1547, refining earlier designs by Bramante and Sangallo. He strengthened the structure and based the dome on Brunelleschi’s masterpiece in Florence, but with even grander proportions. After Michelangelo’s death in 1564, the dome was completed by Giacomo della Porta and Domenico Fontana in 1590, following Michelangelo’s vision.

The interior of the dome is adorned with breathtaking mosaics, featuring Christ, Mary, the apostles, and angels. Just below the base, an inscription in Latin reads: “You are Peter, and on this rock, I will build my Church” (Matthew 16:18), emphasizing St. Peter’s significance.

Visitors can climb to the top of the dome, where they are rewarded with panoramic views of Rome and St. Peter’s Square. The dome’s grandeur not only represents the Church’s spiritual authority but also stands as a testament to Renaissance ingenuity and the faith of millions who visit each year.