Santa Maria in Domnica

Santa Maria in Domnica, also known as Santa Maria alla Navicella, is located on Rome’s Caelian Hill and dedicated to the gathering of the first Christians in Rome.

Its origins date back to the 5th century, with the first recorded mention in 499 AD at a synod convened by Pope Symmachus. The name "in Domnica" may relate to a Christian woman named Cyriaca, who supported early Christian gatherings, or more generally to its dedication to the Lord (Dominicus in Latin). The alternative name, "alla Navicella," comes from the small ancient Roman ship sculpture in front of the church, which Pope Leo X later transformed into a fountain.

The basilica underwent significant reconstruction between 818 and 822 AD under Pope Paschal I, who adorned it with striking Byzantine-style mosaics that remain among its most treasured features. The apse mosaic depicts the Virgin Mary enthroned with the Christ Child, surrounded by angels, exemplifying the vibrant religious art of the early medieval period.

During the 16th century, the Medici family played a key role in further renovations, with Cardinal Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (later Pope Leo X) and Cardinal Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici (later Pope Clement VII) commissioning modifications. Architect Andrea Sansovino designed the elegant Renaissance-style façade, featuring a portico supported by Tuscan columns that blends early Christian and Renaissance influences.

Today, Santa Maria in Domnica remains a minor basilica and titular church, known for its deep historical roots and artistic beauty. It stands as a testament to Rome’s evolving architectural and religious traditions, drawing visitors and pilgrims to its serene and historic setting.

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